Fig. 3

Serial echocardiography in wild-type female and male mice before and after polymicrobial sepsis. A Left ventricular volume (standardised by body weight) in wild-type male and female mice (n = 5/sex), as indicator of preload 18 h after the onset of sepsis. B Stroke volume in male and female mice (n = 5/sex). Stroke volume increased only in both wild-type male mice 18 h after the onset of sepsis. C Heart rate in wild-type male and female mice, as indicator of preload 18 h after the onset of sepsis. D Data for each individual mouse were compared to its own pre-sepsis baseline reading, measured ~ 1 week before the onset of sepsis. Individual p values on each panel refer to post hoc testing after ANOVA testing for sex x time interaction