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Table 1 Pathway and population characteristics

From: Development and validation of an early warning model for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a multi-center retrospective cohort study

 

DA (N = 2472)

ICU (N = 539)

Died (N = 2)

Transfer (N = 485)

SA (N = 16)

Total (N = 3514)

Sex male, %

55.3

64.7

100.0

56.9

56.2

57.0

Female, %

43.1

34.9

0.0

39.8

43.8

41.3

Unknown, %

1.6

0.4

0.0

3.3

0.0

1.6

Age, years med (IQR)

61.0 (51.0–70.0)

63.0 (55.0–70.0)

76.0 (74.5–77.5)

60.0 (53.2–69.0)

66.5 (55.0–75.5)

61.0 (52.0–70.0)

Mean (SD)

59.6 (14.2)

61.5 (11.7)

76.0 (3.0)

59.8 (11.9)

64.5 (11.6)

60.0 (13.5)

Ward LOS, days med (IQR)

3.7 (1.9–6.4)

2.3 (1.1–3.9)

7.6 (7.2–7.9)

1.1 (0.8–2.0)

4.7 (1.2–14.5)

2.9 (1.5–5.5)

Mean (SD)

5.3 (6.8)

3.4 (4.4)

7.6 (0.7)

1.8 (2.3)

8.6 (8.9)

4.5 (6.2)

RR, breaths/min med (IQR)

18.0 (16.0–22.0)

22.0 (19.0–26.0)

20.0 (20.0–20.0)

20.0 (16.8–24.0)

18.0 (16.0–23.5)

20.0 (16.0–24.0)

Mean (SD)

19.3 (5.0)

22.9 (6.0)

20.0 (0.0)

20.8 (5.1)

20.7 (6.2)

20.1 (5.4)

SpO2, % med (IQR)

96.0 (95.0–98.0)

95.0 (94.0–97.0)

95.5 (95.2–95.8)

95.0 (94.0–97.0)

95.0 (93.5–97.0)

96.0 (94.2–97.0)

Mean (SD)

96.0 (3.5)

95.1 (4.8)

95.5 (0.5)

95.5 (2.2)

94.5 (3.4)

95.8 (3.6)

SBP, mmHg med (IQR)

125.0 (113.0–137.0)

125.0 (114.0–137.0)

137.5 (136.8–138.2)

123.0 (113.0–133.5)

119.0 (107.2–126.8)

124.0 (113.0–136.0)

Mean (SD)

126.4 (18.8)

127.4 (19.3)

137.5 (1.5)

124.1 (16.5)

120.0 (17.3)

126.2 (18.6)

T, °C med (IQR)

37.1 (36.6–37.8)

37.3 (36.7–38.0)

37.0 (37.0–37.1)

37.0 (36.6–37.7)

36.8 (36.2–37.0)

37.1 (36.6–37.8)

Mean (SD)

37.2 (0.9)

37.4 (1.0)

37.0 (0.1)

37.2 (0.9)

36.8 (0.7)

37.2 (0.9)

HR, bpm med (IQR)

81.0 (71.0–91.0)

83.0 (73.0–92.0)

91.0 (84.0–98.0)

81.0 (72.0–90.0)

80.0 (73.8–84.8)

81.0 (72.0–91.0)

Mean (SD)

82.0 (15.2)

83.5 (15.2)

91.0 (14.0)

81.6 (13.7)

81.2 (13.6)

82.2 (15.0)

O2, yes/no, %

57.4

76.4

0.0

82.5

68.8

63.8

O2, L/min med (IQR)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

6.0 (3.0–12.0)

–

4.0 (2.0–5.0)

3.0 (2.0–7.5)

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

Mean (SD)

3.6 (3.0)

7.5 (5.4)

–

4.4 (3.0)

5.5 (5.1)

4.5 (3.9)

SpO2/O2, 1/(L/min) med (IQR)

32.7 (23.5–48.5)

15.8 (8.1–31.0)

–

24.2 (18.6–47.0)

30.7 (14.1–48.5)

31.7 (18.6–48.0)

Mean (SD)

41.4 (26.5)

23.0 (21.3)

–

32.4 (21.1)

35.0 (24.1)

36.4 (25.7)

  1. DA discharged alive, ICU intensive care unit, SA still admitted, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, LOS length-of-stay, RR respiratory rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, T temperature, HR heart rate