Mild hypothermia combined with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage in experimental acute focal ischemic stroke

Battaglini, Denise; da Silva, Adriana Lopes; Felix, Nathane Santanna; Rodrigues, Gisele; Antunes, Mariana Alves; Rocha, Nazareth Novaes; Capelozzi, Vera Luiza; Morales, Marcelo Marcos; Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira; Robba, Chiara; Silva, Pedro Leme; Pelosi, Paolo; Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo

doi:10.1186/s40635-022-00481-4

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 5 Damage scores in perilesional brain, lung, and kidney tissues

From: Mild hypothermia combined with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage in experimental acute focal ischemic stroke

	NORMO		HYPO		Group effect
	DEX	PRO	DEX	PRO	Group effect
Brain
Brain injury score	(12.50–19.00)	27.00 (24.00–36.00)	8.00 (6.25–8.50)	11.00 (8.50–12.50)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.002 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002 NORMO-DEX vs. HYPO-DEX p = 0.002
Apoptosis	4.00 (4.00–6.00)	10.50 (8.25–12.00)	2.00 (1.75–2.50)	2.00 (2.00–4.00)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.007 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002 NORMO-DEX vs. HYPO-DEX p = 0.011
Edema	4.00 (4.00–9.00)	9.00 (8.25–12.00)	3.00 (2.00–4.00)	4.00 (2.75–4.50)	NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.004
Inflammation	5.00 (3.00–6.00)	9.00 (8.25–12.00)	2.00 (1.00–4.00)	4.00 (3.75–4.50)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.009 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.004
Necrosis	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	–
Lung
Lung injury score	13.00 (10.00–17.50)	31.50 (29.75–34.75)	8.00 (5.00–10.00)	14.00 (12.75–15.00)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.002 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002 HYPO-DEX vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002
Apoptosis	4.00 (4.00–5.25)	10.50 (8.75–16.00)	2.00 (2.00–4.00)	4.00 (3.75–6.00)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.009 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002
Edema	4.00 (2.00–5.25)	9.00 (7.50–10.75)	2.00 (2.00–4.00)	6.00 (4.00–6.00)	NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.011
Inflammation	4.00 (4.00–6.00)	12.00 (9.00–12.00)	2.00 (1.00–4.00)	4.00 (4.00–4.50)	NORMO-PRO vs. NORMO-DEX p = 0.002 NORMO-PRO vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.002
Necrosis	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	–
Kidney
Kidney injury score	17.00 (15.75–19.25)	20.00 (17.25–31.75)	13.00 (11.00–15.00)	18.00 (15.25–23.50)	NORMO-DEX vs. HYPO-DEX p = 0.007 HYPO-DEX vs. HYPO-PRO p = 0.011
Apoptosis	5.00 (4.00–5.00)	5.00 (4.00–9.00)	4.00 (4.00–4.00)	4.00 (3.25–5.25)	–
Edema	4.00 (4.00–4.00)	4.00 (2.00–6.00)	2.00 (2.00–4.00)	4.00 (4.00–6.00)	–
Inflammation	4.00 (2.00–4.00)	4.00 (3.50–6.00)	1.50 (1.00–4.00)	4.00 (3.50–5.25)	–
Necrosis	4.00 (3.75–6.00)	8.00 (4.00–12.00)	4.00 (3.75–4.00)	4.00 (4.00–9.00)	–

Data are expressed as medians (interquartile range). Mann–Whitney test with Bonferroni multiple comparison between groups was adopted. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.0125. Points of severity and extent varied between 0 (no severity/extent) and 4 (maximum severity/extent). Histology injury scores were calculated by multiplying the severity and extent of brain injury (minimum score = 0 and maximum score = 16) and was calculated as the sum of each score for apoptosis, edema, inflammation, and necrosis (minimum score = 0 to maximum score = 64). NORMO normothermia, HYPO hypothermia, DEX dexmedetomidine, PRO propofol

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