Elevated free interleukin-18 associated with severity and mortality in prospective cohort study of 206 hospitalised COVID-19 patients

Nasser, Syed M. T.; Rana, Anas A.; Doffinger, Rainer; Kafizas, Andreas; Khan, Tauseef A.; Nasser, Shuaib

doi:10.1186/s40635-022-00488-x

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 2 Longitudinal data on IL-18, biochemical and clinical parameters

From: Elevated free interleukin-18 associated with severity and mortality in prospective cohort study of 206 hospitalised COVID-19 patients

IL-18 parameters	60-day mortality outcome	Days from symptom onset
		5–9		10–14		15–19		20–24		25–29
		Mean	Standard error	Mean	Standard error	Mean	Standard error	Mean	Standard error	Mean	Standard error
Total IL-18 (pg/ml)	Survived	560.33	44.27	534.84	26.32	442.43	21.48	428.64	25.39	350.72	41.13
Total IL-18 (pg/ml)	Died	645.59	110.60	646.47	96.10	600.49	70.78	553.83	65.02	674.19	108.40
IL-18 binding protein (pg/ml)	Survived	8574.96	635.56	6067.95	385.68	6243.67	347.08	7469.31	550.48	6927.66	856.63
IL-18 binding protein (pg/ml)	Died	11,818.55	1469.41	9373.12	1094.42	8567.37	1092.87	7683.42	924.45	6400.98	1039.35
Free IL-18 (pg/ml)	Survived	111.10	15.10	130.37	10.40	89.27	4.89	78.09	7.14	73.11	10.17
Free IL-18 (pg/ml)	Died	78.60	12.39	111.87	31.16	138.00	24.45	126.20	26.75	139.92	19 .69
Biochemical parameters
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	Survived	59.17	6.35	52.48	5.01	38.76	5.07	66.31	12.02	56.74	12.11
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	Died	76.16	10.63	93.41	14.73	84.67	13.74	78.13	16.13	58.73	11.54
Ferritin (ng/ml)	Survived	1060.67	286.63	1180.55	160.51	899.17	150.04	685.94	130.93	696.5	315.5
Ferritin (ng/ml)	Died	764.5	138.5	1157.33	226.2	1161.92	147.42	897.5	100.01	1159.56	140.82
Lymphocyte (% WCC)	Survived	14.21	1.62	12.14	1.1	18.41	6.68	11.96	1.01	13.22	1.27
Lymphocyte (% WCC)	Died	13.92	4.1	8.93	2.67	17.34	4.53	16.21	4.21	19.46	7.04
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)	Survived	10.23	1.18	12.5	0.92	11.19	0.89	9.6	0.8	8.79	1.33
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)	Died	14.82	2.31	20.43	2.39	20.29	3	14.24	1.72	10.87	1.71
Clinical parameters
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (PFR)	Survived	314.4	13.2	286.42	8.9	278.48	10.6	285.43	13.5	296.77	18
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (PFR)	Died	270.87	23.72	223.13	21.87	210.73	20.13	180.22	20.9	159.53	30.77
Peak inspiratory pressure* (cmH₂0)	Survived	29.75	1.65	28.63	1.05	23.08	0.98	23.45	1.48	11.33	1.69
Peak inspiratory pressure* (cmH₂0)	Died	29.2	2.13	23.78	1.77	24	2.14	24.92	1.18	29.23	1.67
Positive end expiratory pressure* (cmH₂O)	Survived	7.5	2.63	6.07	1.16	7.94	0.79	7.55	0.822	7.33	0.42
Positive end expiratory pressure* (cmH₂O)	Died	12	1.22	10.44	0.73	9.75	0.92	10.58	0.36	10.54	0.94

*These parameters were measured only in the sub-group of those admitted to intensive care

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