Changes in upper airways microbiota in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 1 Patient’s characteristics and clinical events for VAP and Controls

	Total (N = 35)	VAP within 7 days of MV (N = 13^a)	Controls NO VAP (N = 22)	p-value
Total days of intubation (matching variable)	7.0 (4.0–11.0)	7 (4–11)	6.5 (5–10)	0.95
Females	13 (37.1)	4 (30.8)	9 (40.9)	0.72
Age^b	57.0 (40–67)	40.0 (34.0–58.0)	62.5 (52.0–71.0)	0.06
BMI	24.6 (21.9–26.1)	24.9 (23.2–26.0)	24.1 (21.9–26.1)	0.92
BMI ≥ 26	9 (25.0)	3 (23.1)	6 (27.2)	1.00
Vascular diagnoses at intubation^c	18 (51.4)	5 (38.5)	13 (59.1)	0.31
GCS-Total	7.0 (4.0–10.0)	9 (5.0–11.0)	6.5 (3.0–9.0)	0.30
Any antibiotic therapy (48 h before intubation)	19 (54.3)	7 (53.9)	12 (54.6)	0.97
Surgery in the first 24 h	28 (80.0)	11 (84.6)	17 (77.3)	0.69
Tracheotomy during MV	14 (40.0)	5 (38.5)	9 (40.9)	0.87
Strategies for VAP prevention:
Head elevation at least 30°	28 (84.9)	9 (75.0)	19 (90.5)	0.17
Suspension of sedation in the previous 24 h	17 (51.5)	8 (66.8)	9 (42.9)	0.48
Chlorhexidine oral hygiene	30 (90.9)	10 (83.3)	20 (95.2)	0.27
Subglottic aspiration (endotracheal tubes)	4 (12.2)	1 (8.3)	3 (14.5)	1.00
Any antibiotic therapy in the first 72 h of intubation	13 (37.1)^d	6 (46.2)	9 (40.9)	0.76
Positive RX at day 3	14 (43.8)	8^e (66.7)	6 (30.0)	0.07
Tracheal aspirate at day 3	23 (67.7)	11 (84.6)	12 (57.1)	0.14
Positive tracheal aspirate at day 3	10 (43.5)	7^f (63.6)	3 (25.0)	0.10
Sepsis at day 3	6 (17.7)	5^g (38.5)	1 (4.8)	0.02
Death during MV	5 (14.3)	0	5 (22.7)	0.13

Data are presented as frequency and (%) or median (Q1–Q3) depending on their distribution
^aAmong the 13 VAP, seven occurred at day 3, 4 at day 5 and two at day 7 of MV
^bWhen age was compared for VAP and non-VAP patients, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test p-value was 0.06
^cVascular diagnoses: 10 subarachnoid hemorrhages, six hematomas, two acute ischemic strokes. Other details on diagnoses are reported in Additional file 1: Table 2
^dAntibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanate (6 VAP and 3 NO-VAP); ceftriaxone (2 NO-VAP); cefazolin (2 NO-VAP); piperacillin/tazobactam (1 NO-VAP)
^eSeven events were related to patients who developed VAP at day 3
^fAll related to VAP at day 3
^gFour events were related to VAP on day 3