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Table 3 Primary analysis and subgroup analysis by time, including mean differences between measurements, the standard deviation of the differences, the 95% Bland–Altman limits of agreement and percentage error

From: Comparison of cardiac index measurements in intensive care patients using continuous wave vs. pulsed wave echo-Doppler compared to pulse contour cardiac output

Measurements

No.

Mean difference (L/min/m2)

Standard deviation difference (L/min/m2)

95% Bland–Altman limits (L/min/m2)

Percentage error (%)

CW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

52

− 0.16

0.62

(− 1.37, 1.05)

43.5

PW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

52

− 0.54

0.51

(− 1.53, 0.46)

38.6

CW-VTI CI and PW-VTI CIb

52

0.38

0.59

(− 0.77, 1.52)

46.0

Less than 15 minutes

 CW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

31

− 0.21

0.71

(− 1.60, 1.18)

49.0

 PW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

31

− 0.56

0.53

(− 1.60, 0.48)

39.1

 CW-VTI CI and PW-VTI CIb

31

0.35

0.66

(− 0.95, 1.65)

50.7

Greater than 15 min

 CW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

21

− 0.08

0.46

(− 0.99, 0.82)

33.2

 PW-VTI CI and PiCCO CIa

21

− 0.50

0.48

(− 1.44, 0.44)

37.6

 CW-VTI CI and PW-VTI CIb

21

0.42

0.46

(− 0.49, 1.32)

36.6

  1. N Number of patients; CI Cardiac Index; CW-VTI continuous-wave velocity time integral; CW-VTI pulsed-wave velocity time integral; PiCCO pulse contour cardiac output
  2. aDifferences calculated as values for CW-VTI or PW-VTI minus value for PiCCO
  3. bDifferences calculated as values for CW-VTI minus value for PW-VTI