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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Fig. 5 | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Fig. 5

From: First non-invasive magnetic phrenic nerve and diaphragm stimulation in anaesthetized patients: a proof-of-concept study

Fig. 5

Exemplary pressure–volume loop of one patient. Non-invasive electromagnetic phrenic nerve stimulation was performed with the mechanical ventilator in a spontaneous breathing mode (CPAP mode with zero PEEP). In these conditions, flow was positive and pressure was negative during inspiration, while flow was negative and pressure was positive during expiration (blue, green and red curves with 20%, 30% and 40% stimulation intensity, respectively)

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