Table 3 Mann–Whitney U/Chi-square testing of physiologic and demographic data for improved/not improved (1–3 months and 1–6 months)

Age (years)

37.5 (25–49)

49 (33–62)

36 (24–50)

52 (36–65.2)

Sex (% Male)

83.30%

78.70%

84.90%

76%

Admission GCS total

7 (5–8)

6 (4–8)

7 (5–8)

6 (4–8)

Admission GCS motor

4.5 (3–5)

4 (2–5)

4 (3–5)

4 (2–5)

Admission GCS eyes

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

Admission GCS verbal

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

Admission pupil response (% bilaterally reactive)

64.30%

57.40%

62.30%

58%

Marshall CT grade

4 (3–5)

5 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

5 (4–5)

Rotterdam CT grade

4 (3.25–5)

4 (4–6)

4 (4–5)

4 (4–6)

Helsinki CT score

6 (4–9)

6 (4–9)

6 (4–9)

7 (5–9)

Stockholm CT score

3.1 (2.6–3.77)

3.2 (2.4–3.7)

3.1 (2.9–3.8)

3.2 (2.22–3.68)

Number with hypoxia episode

38.10%

32.80%

37.70%

32%

Number with hypotension episode

14.30%

8.20%

17%

4%

Number with traumatic SAH

97.60%

95.10%

98.10%

94%

Number with epidural hematoma

11.90%

9.80%

13.20%

8%

Admission hemoglobin

136 (120–148)

129 (113–143)

138 (116–149)

128 (113–140)

Admission serum glucose

8.05 (7.15–10.1)

8.2 (7–11)

8.1 (7–10.2)

8.05 (7–10.9)

Length of hospital stay

42 (30–79)

11 (6.5–25.5)

36.5 (22–62.5)

9.5 (6–21)

Length of ICU stay

11.5 (4.25–18)

7 (4–11)

11 (4–17)

6.5 (4–11)

Mean MAP (mmHg)

84.1 (80.7–92.1)

82.8 (78.6–87.8)

84.6 (81.1–89.4)

81.2 (78.1–87.9)

Mean ICP (mmHg)

8.95 (5.51–12)

9.01 (5.98–13.3)

9.13 (5.95–12.5)

8.73 (5.5–12.3)

 % Time ICP > 20 mmHg

1.06 (0–5.19)

1.19 (0.136–5.76)

1.66 (0–5.76)

1.14 (0.142–5.26)

 % Time ICP > 22 mmHg

0.489 (0–2.58)

0.767 (0.0852–4)

0.923 (0–3.02)

0.667 (0.0865–3.33)

Mean CPP (mmHg)

74.4 (71.2–80.3)

73.4 (69–78.6)

75.1 (71.3–80.6)

73 (68.1–76.5)

 % Time CPP < 60 mmHg

4.14 (1.47–8.85)

4.5 (1.04–9.87)

3.81 (1.45–7.7)

5.3 (1.22–14.3)

 % Time CPP > 70 mmHg

65.7 (54.5–80.7)

61.4 (39.6–76.1)

67.2 (54.9–82.8)

56 (36.2–73.5)

Mean PRx

0.102 (0.0111–0.212)

0.178 (0.074–0.363)

0.136 (0.0347–0.237)

0.177 (0.079–0.364)

 % Time PRx > 0

60.2 (51.6–74.1)

68.5 (58.9–86.6)

62.5 (51.9–78.4)

67.7 (59–87.2)

 % Time PRx > 0.25

35.9 (26.4–46.9)

45 (31.8–68.2)

38.6 (27.3–54.5)

42.7 (32.3–68.6)

 % Time PRx > 0.35

26.7 (19–35.3)

33.4 (23.9–57.3)

27.4 (19.1–39.6)

32.6 (23.4–56.7)

Mean PAx

−0.0507 (−0.142 to 0.0302)

0.0525 (−0.0984 to 0.232)

−0.0437 (−0.142 to 0.0607)

0.0463 (−0.0968 to 0.231)

 % Time PAx > 0

43.2 (34–53.8)

58.9 (38.7–76.1)

44.8 (33.9–58.9)

55.6 (38.8–77)

 % Time PAx > 0.25

17.7 (12.6–27.5)

30.7 (17.3–51.3)

18.5 (12.5–29.4)

30 (17.3–50.6)

Mean RAC

−0.328 (−0.432 to −0.175)

−0.127 (−0.313 to 0.00493)

−0.285 (−0.425 to −0.153)

−0.123 (−0.314 to 0.0205)

 % Time RAC > -0.10

25.3 (13–42.2)

43.4 (27.4–61.9)

29.4 (14.3–46)

44.8 (27.3–63.3)

 % Time RAC > -0.05

22.3 (10.8–37)

38.6 (23.3–56.9)

25.6 (12–39.6)

39.4 (23.2–58.6)

Mean CPPopt–PRx

74.4 (68.7–81.2)

74.1 (69.5–79.9)

74.4 (70–83.6)

73.9 (69.2–79.1)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PRx > 5 mmHg

26.5 (17.9–33.8)

23.7 (15–33.4)

27.9 (18.6–34.9)

21.6 (14.5–29.1)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PRx > 10 mmHg

12.5 (8.88–19.8)

10.1 (5.47–17.3)

12.5 (8.99–20.8)

8.62 (5.49–15.7)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PRx < −5 mmHg

25.4 (15.7–32.8)

24.1 (17.4–37.4)

23.6 (14.7–32.9)

25.7 (19.1–37.9)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PRx < −10 mmHg

11.9 (5.17–19)

9.82 (4.5–18.9)

9.09 (4.5–17.9)

11.7 (5.61–20.6)

 % Time CPP > ULR–PRx

12.9 (6.27–20.3)

15 (7.51–22.6)

14.5 (6.94–24)

14.5 (7.74–22)

 % Time CPP < LLR–PRx

9.15 (5.36–23.1)

14.2 (5.91–26.7)

9.86 (4.58–23.4)

14.4 (6.06–27)

Mean CPPopt–PAx

74.6 (71.8–82.3)

75.7 (71.2–82.6)

75.7 (71.8–82.8)

74.9 (71.2–79.6)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PAx > 5 mmHg

26.3 (15.7–35.1)

19.8 (13–28.7)

27.4 (18.7–35.1)

18.3 (12.3–27.4)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PAx > 10 mmHg

12.3 (6.38–22.5)

8 (4.43–14.2)

12.9 (6.57–22.7)

7.03 (4.2–12.1)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PAx < −5 mmHg

29.9 (18.3–37.8)

30.1 (21.1–41)

28.2 (17.1–37.5)

31.7 (22.9–43.8)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–PAx < −10 mmHg

12.7 (6.42–25.5)

16.5 (9.77–24.5)

12 (5.44–25.2)

17 (10.4–25.1)

 % Time CPP > ULR–PAx

4.2 (2.46–8.94)

7.22 (3.07–16.4)

5.68 (2.59–10.8)

5.53 (2.85–14.7)

 % Time CPP < LLR–PAx

4.98 (2.1–10)

10.3 (3.04–29.7)

4.51 (2.1–10.1)

11.8 (3.56–29.4)

Mean CPPopt–RAC

72.9 (70.1–78.4)

73.4 (69.1–79.7)

73.2 (70–79.5)

73.2 (68.5–78.5)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–RAC > 5 mmHg

31.6 (15.4–41)

24.6 (15–33.3)

31.4 (17.5–41.3)

23.8 (14.3–29.8)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–RAC > 10 mmHg

15.1 (7.46–25.4)

10.5 (6.37–16.7)

14.5 (8.62–25.8)

9.56 (6.15–15.9)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–RAC < -5 mmHg

21.9 (11.2–33.7)

23.1 (14.1–35.4)

19.2 (9.01–32.1)

27 (16.1–38.8)

 % Time ΔCPPopt–RAC < -10 mmHg

9.01 (2.52–17.9)

10.7 (5.97–18.3)

7.94 (2.51–15.4)

13.7 (7.2–18.5)

 % Time CPP > ULR–RAC

3.3 (1.48–6.44)

4.34 (1.7–11.9)

3.48 (1.83–7.47)

4.08 (1.64–10.5)

 % Time CPP < LLR–RAC

3.7 (1.03–6.78)

4.37 (1.99–14.8)

3.73 (1.02–7.4)

4.43 (2.01–14.5)