Fig. 5

Expression of biological markers in the brain related to neuroinflammation (interleukin [IL]-1β), and endothelial cell damage (claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]) in the following groups: NV, nonventilated; PCV, pressure-controlled ventilation; PSV, pressure-support ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure. Relative gene expression was calculated as a ratio of the average gene expression levels compared with the reference gene (acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 [36B4]) and expressed as fold change relative to nonventilated animals (NV). Boxes show the interquartile range (25–75%), whiskers encompass the range (minimum to maximum), and horizontal lines represent median values of 6 animals/group. Comparisons were done by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05)