Table 4 Characteristics of participants in included non-sepsis studies (n = 11)

Bihari [44]

Restrictive fluid regime at induction, intra-operative and post-operative

65, 13

32

34

66

132 (90,168)^a

0 (90)

4 (365)

Liberal fluid regime at induction, intra-operative and post-operative

67, 14

45

27

73

150 (102,204)^a

0 (90)

2 (365)

Liu [43]

High-volume fluid (LR/HES) regime, post-induction

52, 8

50

100

0

181, 45

–

Medium-volume fluid (LR/HES) regime, post-induction

51, 7

41

100

0

169, 49

–

Low-volume fluid (LR/HES) regime, post-induction

50, 9

75

100

0

171, 54

–

Tapking [46]

Total fluid administration

45, 21

82

N/A

N/A

N/A

8 (in-hospital)

Wang [40]

Higher-volume fluid regime (LR) targeted at SVV 9%, intra-operative

49, 13

55

100

0

325, 78

5 (365)

Lower-volume fluid regime (LR) targeted at SVV 14%, intra-operative

47, 13

49

100

0

349, 90

8 (365)

Nemme [41]

Rapid-rate crystalloid bolus (LR) at 25 mL/kg, post-induction

47, 5

0

–

0

–

–

Li [42]

Fluid loading (HES) at 15 mL/kg over 30 min, post-induction

47, 8

70

100

0

229, 77

–

Pouska [36]

Fast fluid bolus over 5–10 min, post-induction

60, 13

44

56

44

–

–

Slow fluid bolus over 25–30 min, post-induction

62, 15

40

72

24

–

–

Belavić [39]

High-liberal fluid regime (LR) at 10-15 mL/kg/h intra-/postoperatively

57 (41,63)^a

23

100

0

55 (50,70)^a,b

–

Low-liberal fluid regime (LR) at 5 mL/kg/h intra-/postoperatively

61 (41,70)^a

30

100

0

58 (50,81)^a,b

–

Restrictive fluid regime (LR) at 1 mL/kg/h intra-/postoperatively

48 (40,62)^a,b

27

100

0

58 (50,67)^a,b

–

Chappell [38]

Fluid loading (HES) at 20 mL/kg over 15 min, post-induction

57, 4

–

–

–

–

–

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (HES) at 60 mL/min, post-induction

55, 2

–

–

–

–

–

Powell [37]

Fluid bolus 750 mL (warmed LR) over 15 min, pre-induction

–

–

–

–

–

–

Berg [45]

Fluid bolus 1000 mL (LR) over 40 min

26, 4

67

N/A

N/A

–

–