Table 5 Summary of findings in included non-sepsis studies (n = 11)
Reference | Intervention/exposure | Group size, n | Total fluid volume administered (mL) | Glycocalyx measure(s) | Summary of study findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bihari [44] | Restrictive fluid regime | 75 | 3350 (2720, 4000)a,b (t = 24 h) | Syn; intra-operative, post-operative, t = 24 h | There was no significant intergroup difference in Syn at baseline or over time through Day 1–Day 3 post-surgery |
Liberal fluid regime | 86 | 6053 (5382, 7425)a,b (t = 24 h) | |||
Liu [43] | High-volume fluid regime | 16 | – | Syn-1, HS, hyaluronan; pre-induction, post-induction, post-operative | Colloid administration and urine output were higher in the high-volume group; conversely, crystalloid administration was higher in the low-volume group. At the post-operative time point, Syn-1 and HS were higher in the high-volume group than medium- and low-volume groups |
Medium-volume fluid regime | 17 | – | |||
Low-volume fluid regime | 18 | – | |||
Tapking [46] | Total fluid administration | 39 | – | Syn-1, HS; t = 0 h, t = 8 h, t = 24 h, t = 48 h | Syn-1 was significantly associated with total fluid volume administered at t = 8 h after burn (p < .05). A significant linear effect was observed of burn size and cumulative fluid administration in first 24 h on Syn-1 at t = 48 h (p = .011) |
Wang [40] | High-volume fluid regime | 40 | 4191, 1425b (intra-operative) | Syn-1; t = 0 h, t = 1 h, t = 4 h, t = 24 h, t = 72 h | Syn-1 increased in both fluid regimen groups during surgery and declined postoperatively. No significant interaction between group and time for Syn-1 |
Low-volume fluid regime | 39 | 3284, 1145b (intra-operative) | |||
Nemme [41] | Rapid-rate fluid bolus | 24 | – | Syn-1, HS; t = 0 h, t = 0.5 h, t = 1 h, t = 1.5 h, t = 2 h | There was overall minimal variation in Syn-1 and HS following fluid bolus, suggesting insignificant glycocalyx shedding. Plasma Syn-1 and HS increased between t = 1.5 h and t = 2 h. Urinary Syn-1 decreased during surgery |
Li [42] | Fluid loading | 40 | – | Syn-1, HS; pre-induction, t = 0.5 h, post-operative | Syn-1 levels increased significantly after fluid load compared to baseline, after correcting for hematocrit HS levels (after hematocrit correction) showed no significant differences at any time point |
Pouska [36] | Fast fluid bolus | 25 | – | PBR; baseline, t = 0 h, t = 20 min, t = 40 min, t = 1 h | There were no significant intergroup differences at any time point after fluid bolus. In the slow fluid bolus group, PBR increased after bolus at t = 0 h, then normalized |
Slow fluid bolus | 25 | – | |||
Belavić [39] | High-liberal fluid regime | 30 | 5070 (4320–5775)a,b (t = 6 h) | Syn-1, hyaluronan; t = 0 h, t = 6 h, post-operative | Syn-1 and hyaluronan levels were significantly lower in the restrictive fluid regime group compared to the high-liberal fluid group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the restrictive and low-liberal fluid groups |
Low-liberal fluid regime | 30 | 2370 (2190–2850)a,b (t = 6 h) | |||
Restrictive fluid regime | 30 | 465 (420–575)a,b (t = 6 h) | |||
Chappell [38] | Fluid loading | 9 | 1326, 50 | Syn-1, HS, hyaluronan; t = 0 h, t = 0.5 h | Hyaluronan and Syn-1 increased significantly in the fluid loading group at t = 0.5 h, while remaining unchanged in the hemodilution group (p < 0.05). There was minimal variation in HS overall. All values were corrected for albumin |
Acute normovolemic hemodilution | 9 | 1267, 62 drawn and replaced | |||
Powell [37] | Fluid loading | 29 | 750 | Syn-1, HS; t = 0 h, post-bolus | Syn-1 and HS levels were both significantly increased following fluid loading (p < 0.05) |
Berg [45] | Fluid bolus | 12 | 1000 | Hyaluronan; t = −0.5 h, t = 0 h, t = 10–70 min in 10-min intervals | Plasma hyaluronan increased significantly post-fluid bolus at t = 30 m, t = 40 m, t = 50 m, t = 60 m and t = 70 m (p < 0.05) |