Table 4 Outcomes of the impact of obesity on sepsis

DeMartini [24]

NR

NR

ND cTNI 6 h (plasma)

↑ (heart)^a,b

NR

NR

Frydrych [25]

NR

↑

LFD-S: 20%

HFD-S: 60%

NR

NR

↑ 6 h (blood)^a

↓ 18 h (blood)^a

Gomes [26]

ND^h

LFD: 20.18 (15.35–23.15)

HFD:29.08 (22.77–32.74)

LFD-S: 17.03 (14.95–18.03)

HFD-S:21.24 (14.24–25.64)

↑

LFD-S: 23.8%

HFD-S: 41.7%

ND ALT (serum; U/L):

LFD: 22.01 (22.01–88.05 IQR)

HFD: 200.3 (123.3–277.4 IQR)

LFD-S: 202.5 (168.4–231.1 IQR)

HFD-S: 224.5 (154.1–306 IQR)

↑ Liver histology score^b

NR

↑ (serum)^a

↑ (liver)^b

↑ (serum)^a,b

↑ (liver)^b

Goossens [27]

NR

ND

LFD-S: 17%

HFD-S: 17%

↑ atrophy(muscle)^b

NR

NR

NR

Kaplan [28]

NR

↑

↑ lung injury score^a

HFD: 3.5 ± 0.5 AU

HFD-S: 8.6 ± 0.9 AU

↑ 3h^b, 6 ha^b, 18 h^a,b (liver)

↑ 1 h^a,b, 3 h^b, 6 h^a,b, 18 h^a (lung)

↓ 3 h^a,b (plasma)

↑ 1 h^b, 3 h^b, 6 h^b, 18 h^b (plasma)

↓ 3 h^a (plasma)

↑ 6 h^b 18 h^b (plasma)

Kaplan [29]

↑^e

↑

↑ ALT (U/L; plasma)^a,b

LFD: 88 ± 21

HFD: 63 ± 4

LFD-S: 154 ± 10

HFD-S: 227 ± 32

↑6 h (liver)^a,b

LFD-S: 7 ± 0.3

HFD-S: 11.4 ± 1.4

↑ (plasma; U/L)^a,b

LFD: 88 ± 21

HFD: 63 ± 4

LFD-S: 154 ± 10

HFD-S: 227 ± 32

↓ (plasma)^a

↑ (plasma)^b

Khan [30]

↑^e,f

NR

↑ liver histology score^a,b

ND 6 weeks of diet (lung; U/mg tissue)

LFD: 51.2 ± 3.38

HFD-S: 46.9 ± 2.20

↓ 15 weeks of diet (lung; U/mg tissue)^a,d

LFD: 44.1 ± 2.86

LFD-DR: 63.2 ± 5.60

HFD-S: 26.3 ± 3.80

↓ 27 weeks of diet (lung; U/mg tissue)^a,d

LFD: 47.5 ± 2.70

LFD-DR: 43.9 ± 3.29

HFD-S: 28.3 ± 5.08

↑ 6 h (liver)^b

ND 6 h (liver)^a

ND 6 h (liver)

Lewis [31]

↑^e 6h^b, 24h^b

↓

LFD-S: 75%

HFD-S: 33%

↑creatinine 24 h^a,b (plasma)

↑ NGAL 24 h^a,b (kidney)

↑ ketones

6 h^b, 12 h^b, 36 h^b, 48h^b (blood)

NR

↓ 6 h (plasma)^a

ND 24 h (plasma)^a

↑ 24 h (plasma)^b

ND 24 h^a (plasma)

↑ 24 h^b (plasma)

Panpetch [32]

↑^e

ND

↑ ALT (serum) 24 h^b,c

↑ creatinine 24 h^a,b,c (serum)

NR

↑ (serum) 24 h^a,b,c

↑ (serum)^a,b,c

Rivera [33]

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

↑ (liver) 6 h^a,b

Siegl [34]

NR

↑

↓interstitial and alveolar edema 24 h^a, 48 h^a

ND: liver histology

NR

↑ (serum; ng/ml)

6 h^b:

LFD-S: 20.8 ± 2.2

HFD-S: 18.2 ± 2.6

↓ (serum; ng/ml)^a

24 h: LFD-S: 4.2 ± 1.0

HFD-S: 1.3 ± 0.1

48 h: LFD-S: 5.7 ± 0.9

HFD-S: 3.0 ± 0.7

Souza [35]

NR

↑

NR

NR

↑ hypothalamus^a,b

↑ hypothalamus^a

Strandberg [36]

NR

↑

NR

NR

ND 5–7 days (serum, liver, spleen)

↑

ND 5–7 days (liver, spleen, serum)

Su [37]

NR

NR

↑BUN (mg/dL; plasma)^c: LFD:18.9 ± 0.90

12 h: HFD-S: 67.4 ± 8.40

24 h: HFD-S: 97.1 ± 6.10

48: HFD-S: 139.9 ± 14.40

↑ Creatinine (mg/dL; plasma)^c: LFD: 0.09 ± 0.01

12 h: HFD-S: 0.14 ± 0.03

24 h: HFD-S: 0.70 ± 0.09

48 h: HFD-S: 1.10 ± 0.28

↑ NGAL (ug/dL; plasma)^c: LFD: 0.08 ± 0.01

12 h: HFD-S: 3.52 ± 1.84

24 h: HFD-S: 52.3 ± 5.40

48 h: HFD-S: 39.5 ± 32.70

↑ 12 h^c, 14 h^c, 48 h^c (kidney)

↑12 h^c, 24^c, 48 h^c ( kidney)

↑12 h^c, 24^c, 48 h^c (kidney)

Vankrunkelsven [38]

↑ glucose^e

 ~ 85 h^c, ~ 125 h^c

ND

↑ketones (blood)^c

↓ liver edema 125 h^c

↓ BUN (plasma)^c

NR

↑ (plasma)^b

↑ (plasma)^b

Williamson [39]

NR

NR

ND ALT 18 h (plasma; U/L)

LFD-S:118 ± 33

HFD-S:102 ± 45

↑ 18 h (lung)^a,b

HFD: 53 ± 22

HFD-S: 124 ± 31

LFD-S: 84 ± 29

ND 18 h (liver)

NR

NR

Yeh [40]

NR

NR

NR

↑ 12 h, 24 h (lung)^b

NR

NR