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Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with status myoclonus following out of hospital cardiac arrest
Intensive Care Medicine Experimental volume 3, Article number: A198 (2015)
Introduction
Generalized status myoclonus following out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been associated with poor prognosis1. Many patients die and majority of those who survive remain in a vegetative state2. There is paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with status myoclonus treated with hypothermia from resource-limited centres in South Asia.
Objectives
To study the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with status myoclonus following out of hospital cardiac arrest and treated with hypothermia.
Methods
Retrospective chart review of patients surviving > 24 hours following OHCA in an urban community hospital in South India, between January 2006 and December 2012. All patients received therapeutic hypothermia (32-34°C) for 24 hours. Data on the clinical characteristics of patients developing status myoclonus (clinical myoclonic status epilepticus) and their outcome (survival, morbidity and mortality) were studied in detail. Based on the cerebral performance category (CPC) score at hospital discharge, the neurological outcome of patients was classified into favorable (CPC1, 2) and unfavorable (CPC 3,4).
Results
Out of the 124 patients surviving > 24 hours, 52 (42%) developed status myoclonus. Baseline and general characteristics were similar in patients with and without status myoclonus (Table 1). Majority of patients with status myoclonus had absent brainstem reflexes [(pupillary, corneal and cough) 92% vs. 62%, P < 0.001] and motor response worse than flexion (100% vs. 71%, P < 0.001) on day 3 post-cardiac arrest (Table 2). None of the patients with status myoclonus had favorable neurological outcome (50 patients died and 2 patients were discharged in vegetative state, CPC 4). Out of the 72 patients without status myoclonus, 18 (25%) patients had favorable neurological outcome (CPC1). Out of the 104 patients who died, 53 (51%) were following withdrawal of life sustaining treatment (WLST) and majority (37/53) of these patients had status myoclonus (74% vs. 30%, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Status myoclonus following out of hospital cardiac arrest was associated with unfavorable outcome. Majority of deaths in patients who developed status myoclonus was secondary to WLST, which may indicate self-fulfilling prophecy.
References
Thomke F, Markx JJ, Sauer O, et al: Observations on comatose survivors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with generalized myoclonus. BMC Neurology. 2005, 5: 14-Jul 18
Wijdicks EF, Parisi JE, Sharbrough FW: Prognostic value of myoclonus status in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Annals of neurology. 1994, 35 (2): 239-43. Feb
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Ruknuddeen, M., Rajajee, V., Ramadoss, R. et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with status myoclonus following out of hospital cardiac arrest. ICMx 3 (Suppl 1), A198 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A198
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A198