Table 1 EEG, raw EEG, and Bispectral index as CPR effectiveness markers
From: Electroencephalographic monitoring of brain activity during cardiac arrest: a narrative review
Study | Study design | Prognostication markers | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
Young et al. [19] | Case report | EEG1 | Possible use of EEG during CPR2 |
Losasso et al. [11] | Case report | Raw EEG1 | EEG might be effective in predicting CPP3 and oxygenation during CPR2 |
Chakravarthy et al. [20] | Case report | BIS™4 | BIS™4 monitoring might confirm the adequacy of CPR2, targeting a value of about 40 |
Kluger [21] | Case report | BIS™4 | - BIS™4 might be a surrogate of CBF5 - Possible EMG6 interference |
Szekely et al. [22] | Case report | BIS™4 | High BIS™4 value reflects cerebral activity |
Azim et al. [12] | Case report | BIS™4 | BIS™4 might be useful during cardiopulmonary arrest |
Fatovich et al. [24] | Observational study (21 patients) | BIS™4 | BIS™4 is not a clinically reliable marker of CPR2 efficacy due to mechanical artifacts induced by chest compressions |
Sethi et al. [27] | Case report | EEG1 | CPR2 artifact consists of periodic sharply contoured waveforms |
Chollet-Xémard et al. [25] | Observational study (92 patients) | BIS™4 | BIS™4 monitoring during resuscitation did not predict ROSC7 |
Nitzschke et al. [26] | Case report | Raw EEG1 | EEG1-monitoring is not a useful tool during CPR2 due to artifacts related to chest compressions |
Reagan et al. [18] | Observational study (16 patients) | Sedline PSi8 | Real-time monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and function during CPR2 is feasible |
Biesbroek et al. [23] | Case report | EEG1 | EEG1 activity returned several seconds after initiation of chest compressions, reflecting an increase in cerebral perfusion |
Nguyen et al. [28] | Case report | PSi8 | EEG1-based monitors may be useful during cardiac arrest |
Jung et al. [29] | Case report | BIS™4 | BIS4 monitoring might be used as a reference device to determine whether CPR2 should be continued |
Soto et al. [30] | Observational study (16 patients) | BIS™4 | BIS values during CPR do not predict survival in cardiac arrest |
Dumans-Nizard [31] | Case report | BIS™4 | BIS™4 monitoring may be misleading |