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  1. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and disability, with no effective neuroprotective drugs currently available for its treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy shows pr...

    Authors: Elisa R. Zanier, Francesca Pischiutta, Eliana Rulli, Alessia Vargiolu, Francesca Elli, Paolo Gritti, Giuseppe Gaipa, Daniela Belotti, Gianpaolo Basso, Tommaso Zoerle, Nino Stocchetti and Giuseppe Citerio
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:56
    Content type: Methodologies Published on:

  2. Norepinephrine is a commonly used drug for treating vasoplegic acute circulatory failure in ICU. The prediction of norepinephrine macro- and micro-circulatory response is complicated by its uneven receptors’ d...

    Authors: Stefan Andrei, Stéphane Bar, Maxime Nguyen, Bélaid Bouhemad and Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:52
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  3. Circulatory shock is defined syndromically as hypotension associated with tissue hypoperfusion and often subcategorized according to hemodynamic profile (e.g., distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic) and etiol...

    Authors: Sabri Soussi, Claudia dos Santos, Jacob C. Jentzer, Alexandre Mebazaa, Etienne Gayat, Janine Pöss, Hannah Schaubroeck, Filio Billia, John C. Marshall and Patrick R. Lawler
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:50
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  4. The immuno-receptor Triggering Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is activated during bacterial infectious diseases, where it amplifies the inflammatory response. Small studies suggest that TREM-1 could be ...

    Authors: Sébastien Gibot, Thomas Lafon, Laurent Jacquin, Benjamin Lefevre, Antoine Kimmoun, Anne Guillaumot, Marie-Reine Losser, Marion Douplat, Laurent Argaud, Guillaume De Ciancio, Lucie Jolly, Nina Touly, Marc Derive, Catherine Malaplate, Amandine Luc, Cédric Baumann…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:51
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  5. Steep Trendelenburg position combined with capnoperitoneum can lead to pulmonary complications and prolonged affection of postoperative lung function. Changes in pulmonary function occur independent of differe...

    Authors: Mustafa Syrafe, Wiebke Köhne, Andre Börgers, Heinrich Löwen, Susanne Krege and Harald Groeben
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:49
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  6. Despite current broad natural and vaccine-induced protection, a substantial number of patients infected with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., BF.7 and BQ.1.1) still experience severe COVID-19. Real-life stu...

    Authors: Nicolas de Prost, Etienne Audureau, Sébastien Préau, Raphaël Favory, Aurélie Guigon, Pierre Bay, Nicholas Heming, Elyanne Gault, Tài Pham, Amal Chaghouri, Guillaume Voiriot, Laurence Morand-Joubert, Sébastien Jochmans, Aurélia Pitsch, Sylvie Meireles, Damien Contou…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:48
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  7. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of commonly administered sedatives (Propofol, Alfentanil, Fentanyl, and Midazolam) and vasopressor (Dobutamine, Ephedrine, Noradrenaline and Vasopressin) agents ...

    Authors: Logan Froese, Emma Hammarlund, Cecilia A. I. Åkerlund, Jonathan Tjerkaski, Erik Hong, Caroline Lindblad, David W. Nelson, Eric P. Thelin and Frederick A. Zeiler
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:54
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  8. Transplant candidates on the waiting list are increasingly challenged by the lack of organs. Most of the organs can only be kept viable within very limited timeframes (e.g., mere 4–6 h for heart and lungs expo...

    Authors: Nodir Madrahimov, Vitalii Mutsenko, Ruslan Natanov, Dejan Radaković, André Klapproth, Mohamed Hassan, Mathias Rosenfeldt, Florian Kleefeldt, Ivan Aleksic, Süleyman Ergün, Christoph Otto, Rainer G. Leyh and Constanze Bening
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:46
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  9. The autonomic nervous system can modulate the innate immune responses to bacterial infections via the splanchnic sympathetic nerves. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of bilateral splanchnic sympathetic ...

    Authors: Rachel M. Peiris, Clive N. May, Lindsea C. Booth, Robin M. McAllen, Michael J. McKinley, Sally Hood, Davide Martelli, Rinaldo Bellomo and Yugeesh R. Lankadeva
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:53
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  10. Currently, there is a lack of methods for simultaneous assessment of readiness for decannulation of the veno-venous (V-V) and veno-arterial (V-A) components during veno-arteriovenous (V-AV) extracorporal membr...

    Authors: Johannes Heymer, Anna Hein, Matthias Ott, Tobias Schilling and Daniel Räpple
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:47
    Content type: Hypothesis Published on:

  11. Patients on mechanical ventilation may receive intravenous fluids via restrictive or liberal fluid management. A clear and objective differentiation between restrictive and liberal fluid management strategies ...

    Authors: Eduardo Butturini de Carvalho, Denise Battaglini, Chiara Robba, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Paolo Pelosi, Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco and Pedro Leme Silva
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:44
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  12. Preclinical sepsis models have been criticized for their inability to recapitulate human sepsis and suffer from methodological shortcomings that limit external validity and reproducibility. The National Precli...

    Authors: Neha Sharma, Damian Chwastek, Dhruva J. Dwivedi, Jared Schlechte, Ian-Ling Yu, Braedon McDonald, Jaskirat Arora, Erblin Cani, Mikaela Eng, Doreen Engelberts, Eva Kuhar, Sarah K. Medeiros, Stephane L. Bourque, Gediminas Cepinskas, Sean E. Gill, Forough Jahandideh…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:45
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  13. Definition of temporal serum proteome profiles after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest may identify biological processes associated with severe hypoxia–ischaemia and reperfusion. It may further explore interventi...

    Authors: Gabriele Lileikyte, Anahita Bakochi, Ashfaq Ali, Marion Moseby-Knappe, Tobias Cronberg, Hans Friberg, Gisela Lilja, Helena Levin, Filip Årman, Sven Kjellström, Josef Dankiewicz, Christian Hassager, Johan Malmström and Niklas Nielsen
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:43
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  14. The driving pressure (ΔP) has an independent association with outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). INTELLiVENT-Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) is a closed-loop mode of ventilati...

    Authors: Laura A. Buiteman-Kruizinga, David M. P. van Meenen, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Pim L. J. van der Heiden, Frederique Paulus and Marcus J. Schultz
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:42
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  15. Variation of inferior vena cava (IVC) is used to predict fluid-responsiveness, but the IVC visualization with standard sagittal approach (SC, subcostal) cannot be always achieved. In such cases, coronal trans-...

    Authors: Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Veronica Dezio, Paolo Amelio, Giulio Genoese, Federico Franchi, Antonio Messina, Chiara Robba and Alberto Noto
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:40
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  16. Diaphragmatic dysfunction is well documented in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been used to facilitate weaning by strengthening the inspiratory muscles, yet th...

    Authors: Timothy O. Jenkins, Vicky MacBean, Mathias Krogh Poulsen, Dan Stieper Karbing, Stephen Edward Rees, Brijesh V. Patel and Michael I. Polkey
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:41
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  17. The level of quadriceps strength (QS) generated in the supine or seated position is not similar. For QS follow-up from intensive care unit (ICU) stay to recovery, getting comparable measures is essential. This...

    Authors: Anne-Françoise Rousseau, Nadia Dardenne, Isabelle Kellens, Stephen Bornheim, Benoit Misset and Jean-Louis Croisier
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:39
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  18. Endotracheal tube (ETT) clamping before disconnecting the patient from the mechanical ventilator is routinely performed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize alveolar de-recru...

    Authors: Enrico Bulleri, Cristian Fusi, Stefano Bambi, Luigi Pisani, Alice Galesi, Enrico Rizzello, Alberto Lucchini, Paolo Merlani and Alberto Pagnamenta
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:36
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  19. Inhalation injury can lead to pulmonary complications resulting in the development of respiratory distress and severe hypoxia. Respiratory distress is one of the major causes of death in critically ill patient...

    Authors: Paul A. Mountford, Premila D. Leiphrakpam, Hannah R. Weber, Andrea McCain, Robert M. Scribner, Robert T. Scribner, Ernesto M. Duarte, Jie Chen, Dragana Noe, Mark A. Borden and Keely L. Buesing
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:35
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  21. Vilobelimab, a complement 5a (C5a)-specific monoclonal antibody, reduced mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in a phase 3 multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. As part of t...

    Authors: Endry H. T. Lim, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, Sanne de Bruin, Simon Rückinger, Claus Thielert, Maria Habel, Renfeng Guo, Bruce P. Burnett, James Dickinson, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Niels C. Riedemann and Diederik van de Beek
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:37
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  22. Intravenous oxygen therapeutics present an appealing option for improving arterial oxygenation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, while limiting iatrogenic injury from conventional respirato...

    Authors: Jarrod M. Mosier, Saad Sammani, Carrie Kempf, Evan Unger and Joe G. N. Garcia
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:33
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  23. Optimal anticoagulation strategies for COVID-19 patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) remain uncertain. A higher incidence of ...

    Authors: Daniel A. Hofmaenner, David Furfaro, Lennart C. Wild, Pedro David Wendel-Garcia, Elias Baedorf Kassis, Ameeka Pannu, Tobias Welte, Rolf Erlebach, Klaus Stahl, Edward Wilson Grandin, Christian Putensen, Reto A. Schuepbach, Shahzad Shaefi, Sascha David, Benjamin Seeliger and Christian Bode
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:38
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  24. In intensive care, different central venous catheters (CVC) are often used for infusion of drugs. If a patient is treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) a second catheter, a central venous di...

    Authors: Anna Bandert, Miklós Lipcsey, Robert Frithiof, Anders Larsson and David Smekal
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:32
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  25. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality of patients with sepsis is high and largely unchanged throughout the past decades. Animal models ha...

    Authors: Finnja Marie Zurek-Leffers, Florian Lehmann, Laura Brabenec, Sebastian Kintrup, Katharina E. M. Hellenthal, Kira Mersjann, Felicia Kneifel, Michael Hessler, Philip-Helge Arnemann, Tim-Gerald Kampmeier, Christian Ertmer, Patrick Kellner and Nana-Maria Wagner
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:31
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  26. Although vasopressor and sedative agents are commonly used within the intensive care unit to mediate systemic and cerebral physiology, the full impact such agents have on cerebrovascular reactivity remains unc...

    Authors: Logan Froese, Alwyn Gomez, Amanjyot Singh Sainbhi, Nuray Vakitbilir, Izabella Marquez, Fiorella Amenta, Kevin Y. Stein and Frederick A. Zeiler
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:30
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  28. Mechanical power is a major contributor to lung injury and mortality in adults receiving mechanical ventilation. Recent advances in our understanding of mechanical power have allowed the different mechanical c...

    Authors: David G. Tingay, Hannah Naidu, Hamish D. Tingay, Prue M. Pereira-Fantini, Martin C. J. Kneyber and Tobias Becher
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:28
    Content type: Hypothesis Published on:

  29. Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a severe and often fatal fungal infection that affects critically ill patients. The development of animal models that mimic human disease is essential for advancing our understandi...

    Authors: Anders Krifors, Anders Lignell, Miklós Lipcsey, Jan Sjölin and Markus Castegren
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:27
    Content type: Methodologies Published on:

  30. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a therapeutic intervention that separates plasma from blood cells to remove pathological factors or to replenish deficient factors. The use of TPE is increasing over the la...

    Authors: Sascha David, Lene Russell, Pedro Castro, Andry van de Louw, Lara Zafrani, Tasneem Pirani, Nathan D. Nielsen, Eric Mariotte, Bruno L. Ferreyro, Jan T. Kielstein, Luca Montini, Anne C. Brignier, Matthias Kochanek, Joan Cid, Chiara Robba, Ignacio Martin-Loeches…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:26
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  31. Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by ischemia–reperfusion (IR) is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity after major surgery. Furosemide is commonly used in postoperative patients to...

    Authors: Olcay Dilken, Can Ince, Aysegul Kapucu, Paul M. Heeman and Bülent Ergin
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:25
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  32. Cardiac index (CI) assessments are commonly used in critical care to define shock aetiology and guide resuscitation. Echocardiographic assessment is non-invasive and has high levels of agreement with thermodil...

    Authors: Prashant Parulekar, James Powys-Lybbe, Paul Bassett, Seb Roques, Mark Snazelle, Gemma Millen and Tim Harris
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:23
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  33. Extensive animal investigation informed clinical practice regarding the harmful effects of high fractional inspired oxygen concentrations (FiO2s > 0.60). Since questions persist whether lower but still supraphysi...

    Authors: Samuel Minkove, Rhea Dhamapurkar, Xizhong Cui, Yan Li, Junfeng Sun, Diane Cooper, Peter Q. Eichacker and Parizad Torabi-Parizi
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:22
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  34. Mechanical ventilation has side effects such as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, resulting in prolonged intensive care unit length of stays. Artificially evoked diaphragmatic muscle contraction may po...

    Authors: Alessandro Panelli, Hermann Georges Bartels, Sven Krause, Michael André Verfuß, Aline Michèle Grimm, Niklas Martin Carbon, Julius J. Grunow, Diego Stutzer, Thomas Niederhauser, Laurent Brochard, Steffen Weber-Carstens and Stefan J. Schaller
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:20
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  35. To investigate the effect of IV fluid resuscitation on endothelial glycocalyx (EG) shedding and activation of the vascular endothelium and inflammation.

    Authors: Stephen Macdonald, Erika Bosio, Gerben Keijzers, Sally Burrows, Moira Hibbs, Helen O’Donoghue, David Taylor, Ashes Mukherjee, Frances Kinnear, Lisa Smart, Juan-Carlos Ascencio-Lane, Edward Litton, John Fraser, Nathan I. Shapiro, Glenn Arendts and Daniel Fatovich
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:21
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  36. The venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score is a multi-organ Doppler approach to assess venous congestion. Despite growing use of VExUS in research and clinical practice, other veins can be visualized to assess...

    Authors: Jon-Emile S. Kenny, Ross Prager, Philippe Rola, Garett McCulloch, Joseph K. Eibl and Korbin Haycock
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:19
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  38. The definition of partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (pREBOA) is not yet determined and clinical markers of the degree of occlusion, metabolic effects and end-organ injury that a...

    Authors: Anna Stene Hurtsén, David T. McGreevy, Christina Karlsson, Claes G. Frostell, Tal M. Hörer and Kristofer F. Nilsson
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:18
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  39. Assessment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) respiratory variation may be clinically useful for the estimation of fluid-responsiveness and venous congestion; however, imaging from subcostal (SC, sagittal) region...

    Authors: Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Veronica Dezio, Cristina Santonocito, Paolo Amelio, Giulio Genoese, Marinella Astuto and Alberto Noto
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:15
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  40. Preload responsive postoperative patients with signs of inadequate organ perfusion are commonly assumed to be hypovolemic and therefore treated with fluids to increase preload. However, preload is influenced n...

    Authors: Anja Lindén, Svajunas Statkevicius, Johan Bonnevier and Peter Bentzer
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:14
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  41. The decline in the downstream signal transduction pathway of anabolic hormone, insulin, could play a key role in the muscle atrophy and insulin resistance observed in patients with intensive care unit acquired...

    Authors: Julius J. Grunow, Thomas Gan, Heidrun Lewald, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, Manfred Blobner and Stefan J. Schaller
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:16
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  42. The effect of intravenous fluid (IVF) administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an unexplored factor that may improve cardiac output (CO) during CPR. The aim of this study was to determine t...

    Authors: Jennifer Lutz, Yosef Levenbrown, Md Jobayer Hossain, Anne Hesek, Kelly E. Massa, James P. Keith and Thomas H. Shaffer
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:13
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  43. Detecting particle flow from the airways by a non-invasive analyzing technique might serve as an additional tool to monitor mechanical ventilation. In the present study, we used a customized particles in exhal...

    Authors: Ellen Broberg, Leif Pierre, Mohammed Fakhro, Malin Malmsjö, Sandra Lindstedt and Snejana Hyllén
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:12
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  44. Sepsis is a syndromic response to infection and is frequently a final common pathway to death from many infectious diseases worldwide. The complexity and high heterogeneity of sepsis hinder the possibility to ...

    Authors: Aina Areny-Balagueró, Anna Solé-Porta, Marta Camprubí-Rimblas, Elena Campaña-Duel, Adrián Ceccato, Anna Roig, Daniel Closa and Antonio Artigas
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:11
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  45. Bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a vasoactive peptide with a key role in reducing vascular hyperpermeability and improving endothelial stability during infection, but it also has vasodilatory properties. ...

    Authors: Patrik Johnsson, Andrea Fredriksson, Christer Tung, Hans Friberg and Attila Frigyesi
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:10
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  46. The role of upper airways microbiota and its association with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) development in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients is unclear. Taking advantage of data collected in a pros...

    Authors: Laura Alagna, Leonardo Mancabelli, Federico Magni, Liliane Chatenoud, Gabriele Bassi, Silvia Del Bianco, Roberto Fumagalli, Francesca Turroni, Davide Mangioni, Guglielmo M. Migliorino, Christian Milani, Antonio Muscatello, Giovanni Nattino, Edoardo Picetti, Riccardo Pinciroli, Sandra Rossi…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:17
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  47. Divergence between deterioration to life-threatening COVID-19 or clinical improvement occurs for most within the first 14 days of symptoms. Life-threatening COVID-19 shares clinical similarities with Macrophag...

    Authors: Syed M. T. Nasser, Anas A. Rana, Rainer Doffinger, Andreas Kafizas, Tauseef A. Khan and Shuaib Nasser
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:9
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  48. Assessing measurement error in alveolar recruitment on computed tomography (CT) is of paramount importance to select a reliable threshold identifying patients with high potential for alveolar recruitment and t...

    Authors: Ludmilla Penarrubia, Aude Verstraete, Maciej Orkisz, Eduardo Davila, Loic Boussel, Hodane Yonis, Mehdi Mezidi, Francois Dhelft, William Danjou, Alwin Bazzani, Florian Sigaud, Sam Bayat, Nicolas Terzi, Mehdi Girard, Laurent Bitker, Emmanuel Roux…
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:8
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:

  49. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V–V ECMO) has an established evidence base in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has seen exponential growth in its use over the past decades. Howev...

    Authors: Patrick Duncan Collins, Lorenzo Giosa, Valentina Camarda and Luigi Camporota
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:7
    Content type: Reviews Published on:

  50. The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex multi-kingdom community known as the microbiome. Dysbiosis refers to its disruption and is reportedly extreme in acute critical illness yet its clinical implica...

    Authors: Tess Evans, Umar Ali, Ryan Anderton, Edward Raby, Laurens Manning and Edward Litton
    Citation: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2023 11:6
    Content type: Research Articles Published on:
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  • ISSN: 2197-425X (electronic)