Articles

Alleviation of exhaustion-induced immunosuppression and sepsis by immune checkpoint blockers sequentially administered with antibiotics—analysis of a new mathematical model

Sepsis-associated immune dysregulation, involving hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, is common in intensive care patients, often leading to multiple organ dysfunction and death. The aim of this study wa...

Authors: Avi Gillis, Michael Beil, Karin Halevi-Tobias, Peter Vernon van Heerden, Sigal Sviri and Zvia Agur

Response to letter by Drs. Bottinger and van der Hoorn

Authors: David A. Berlin, Seth Manoach and Paul M. Heerdt

Resistin directly inhibits bacterial killing in neutrophils

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is a key factor contributing to the morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil dysfunction is believed to be a hallmark of this immuno...

Authors: Lauren Miller, Kai Singbartl, Zissis C. Chroneos, Victor Ruiz-Velasco, Charles H. Lang and Anthony Bonavia

Comparison of the source and prognostic utility of cfDNA in trauma and sepsis

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may contribute to the pathophysiology of post-injury inflammation and coagulation in trauma. However, the source and mechanism of release of cfDNA in trauma is not well unders...

Authors: Nicholas L. Jackson Chornenki, Robert Coke, Andrew C. Kwong, Dhruva J. Dwivedi, Michael K. Xu, Ellen McDonald, John C. Marshall, Alison E. Fox-Robichaud, Emmanuel Charbonney and Patricia C. Liaw

Early herpes and TTV DNAemia in septic shock patients: a pilot study

Septic shock patients exhibit an increased incidence of viral reactivation. Precise timing of such reactivation—as an early marker of immune suppression, or as a consequence of the later—is not known precisely...

Authors: François Mallet, Magali Perret, Trang Tran, Boris Meunier, Audrey Guichard, Olivier Tabone, Marine Mommert, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Fabienne Venet, Alexandre Pachot, Guillaume Monneret, Frederic Reynier, Christophe Védrine, Philippe Leissner, Virginie Moucadel, Alain Lepape…

Time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) accelerates simulated mucus clearance via increased expiratory flow rate

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units. Distal airway mucus clearance has been shown to reduce VAP incidence. Studies suggest that mucus clearance...

Authors: Melissa Mahajan, David DiStefano, Joshua Satalin, Penny Andrews, Hassan al-Khalisy, Sarah Baker, Louis A. Gatto, Gary F. Nieman and Nader M. Habashi

Association between increased arterial stiffness and clinical outcomes in patients with early sepsis: a prospective observational cohort study

Conduit arteries, especially the aorta, play a major role in ensuring efficient cardiac function and optimal microvascular flow due to their viscoelastic properties. Studies in animals and on isolated arteries...

Authors: Sigita Kazune, Andris Grabovskis, Corrado Cescon, Eva Strike and Indulis Vanags

Adrecizumab, a non-neutralizing anti-adrenomedullin antibody, improves haemodynamics and attenuates myocardial oxidative stress in septic rats

Sepsis still represents a major health issue, with persistent high morbidity and mortality rates. Cardiovascular dysfunction occurs frequently during sepsis. Adrenomedullin has been identified as a key mediato...

Authors: Alice Blet, Benjamin Deniau, Christopher Geven, Malha Sadoune, Anaïs Caillard, Paul-Robert Kounde, Evelyne Polidano, Peter Pickkers, Jane-Lise Samuel and Alexandre Mebazaa

Correction to: Inhalation of specific anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies transiently decreases P. aeruginosa colonization of the airway in mechanically ventilated piglets

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that an incorrect piece of data is given in the Materials and Methods section of the article.

Authors: A. Otterbeck, K. Hanslin, E. Lidberg Lantz, A. Larsson, J. Stålberg and M. Lipcsey

The physiological determinants of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived regional cerebral oxygenation in critically ill adults

To maintain adequate oxygen delivery to tissue, resuscitation of critically ill patients is guided by assessing surrogate markers of perfusion. As there is no direct indicator of cerebral perfusion used in rou...

Authors: Michael D. Wood, Jill A. Jacobson, David M. Maslove, John G. Muscedere and J. Gordon Boyd

Negative pressure ventilation: a special application of expiratory ventilation assistance

Authors: Lena Böttinger and José W. A. van der Hoorn

Inhalation of specific anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies transiently decreases P. aeruginosa colonization of the airway in mechanically ventilated piglets

P. aeruginosa is a pathogen frequently resistant to antibiotics and a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Non-antibiotic strategies to prevent or treat VAP are therefore of major interest. Spec...

Authors: A. Otterbeck, K. Hanslin, E. Lidberg Lantz, A. Larsson, J. Stålberg and M. Lipcsey

Comparison of aerosol delivery across combinations of drug delivery interfaces with and without concurrent high-flow nasal therapy

Current clinical practice during high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) involves utilization of a nasal cannula to provide humidification, with a facemask placed over the cannula to deliver aerosol. Few studies have c...

Authors: Gavin Bennett, Mary Joyce, Elena Fernández Fernández and Ronan MacLoughlin

Exogenous surfactant prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury in adult mice

In addition to the risk of developing ventilator-induced lung injury, patients with ARDS are at risk of developing hyperoxic injury due the supra-physiological oxygen supplementation clinically required to rev...

Authors: Frank Silva Bezerra, Camila de Oliveira Ramos, Thalles de Freitas Castro, Natália Pereira da Silva Araújo, Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza, Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira, Guilherme de Paula Costa, Christiane Teixeira Cartelle, André Talvani, Sílvia Dantas Cangussú, Laurent Brochard and Akinori Cardozo Nagato

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly accepted means of supporting those with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the high mortality associated with ARDS, numerous ...

Authors: Jonathan E. Millar, Nicole Bartnikowski, Viktor von Bahr, Maximilian V. Malfertheiner, Nchafatso G. Obonyo, Mirko Belliato, Jacky Y. Suen, Alain Combes, Daniel F. McAuley, Roberto Lorusso and John F. Fraser

Impact of sweep gas flow on extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R)

Veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO₂) removal (vv-ECCO₂R) is increasingly being used in the setting of acute respiratory failure. Blood flow rates range in clinical practice from 200 mL/min to more than...

Authors: Stephan Strassmann, Michaela Merten, Simone Schäfer, Jonas de Moll, Daniel Brodie, Anders Larsson, Wolfram Windisch and Christian Karagiannidis

Different particle flow patterns from the airways after recruitment manoeuvres using volume-controlled or pressure-controlled ventilation

Noninvasive online monitoring of different particle flows from the airways may serve as an additional tool to assess mechanical ventilation. In the present study, we used a customised PExA, an optical particle...

Authors: Ellen Broberg, Leif Pierre, Mohammed Fakhro, Lars Algotsson, Malin Malmsjö, Snejana Hyllén and Sandra Lindstedt

Comparison of the ventilation characteristics in two adult oscillators: a lung model study

Two recent large randomized controlled trials did not show the superiority of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in adults with ARDS. These two trials had differing results, and possible causes coul...

Authors: Tetsuya Yumoto, Takahisa Fujita, Sunao Asaba, Shunsuke Kanazawa, Atsunori Nishimatsu, Hideo Yamanouchi, Satoshi Nakagawa and Osamu Nagano

Bradykinin receptor deficiency or antagonism do not impact the host response during gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis

Kinins are short peptides with a wide range of proinflammatory properties that are generated from kininogens in the so-called kallikrein-kinin system. Kinins exert their biological activities through stimulati...

Authors: Chao Ding, Jack Yang, Cornelis van’t Veer and Tom van der Poll

The haemodynamic effects of crystalloid and colloid volume resuscitation on primary, derived and efficiency variables in post-CABG patients

Recent studies in haemodynamic management have focused on fluid management and assessed its effects in terms of increase in cardiac output based on fluid challenges or variations in pulse pressure caused by cy...

Authors: S. Sondergaard, J. S. Larsson and P. W. Möller

Regional pulmonary effects of bronchoalveolar lavage procedure determined by electrical impedance tomography

The provision of guidance in ventilator therapy by continuous monitoring of regional lung ventilation, aeration and respiratory system mechanics is the main clinical benefit of electrical impedance tomography ...

Authors: Inéz Frerichs, Peter A. Dargaville and Peter C. Rimensberger

Simulation of pressure support for spontaneous breathing trials in neonates

Endotracheal tubes used for neonates are not as resistant to breathing as originally anticipated; therefore, spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), without pressur...

Authors: Makoto Sasaki, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Tetsuya Miyashita, Yuko Matsuda, Masahide Ohtsuka, Osamu Yamaguchi and Takahisa Goto

Translaryngeal Tracheostomy Needle Introducer: a simple device to improve safety and reduce complications during Fantoni’s translaryngeal tracheostomy procedure: trial on human cadavers

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the most frequently performed procedure in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. A crucial step in such procedures is needle insertion into the tr...

Authors: Alessandro Terrani, Enrico Bassi, Caterina Valcarenghi, Emmanuel Charbonney, Paul Ouellet, Patrice Gosselin, Giacomo Bellani and Giuseppe Foti

Angiotensin-(1–7) exerts a protective action in a rat model of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) is a common event during mechanical ventilation (MV) leading to rapid muscular atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Recent data show that renin-angiotensin s...

Authors: Vanessa Zambelli, Anna Sigurtà, Laura Rizzi, Letizia Zucca, Paolo Delvecchio, Elena Bresciani, Antonio Torsello and Giacomo Bellani

Sex susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury

Authors: Inés López-Alonso, Laura Amado-Rodriguez, Cecilia López-Martínez, Covadonga Huidobro and Guillermo M. Albaiceta

Automated expiratory ventilation assistance through a small endotracheal tube can improve venous return and cardiac output

Positive pressure ventilation can decrease venous return and cardiac output. It is not known if expiratory ventilation assistance (EVA) through a small endotracheal tube can improve venous return and cardiac o...

Authors: David A. Berlin, Seth Manoach, Clara Oromendia and Paul M. Heerdt

“In vitro comparison of the adsorption of inflammatory mediators by blood purification devices”: a misleading article for clinical practice?

Authors: Marco Feri

Time-related changes in hepatic and colonic mitochondrial oxygen consumption after abdominal infection in rats

Evidence suggests that early adaptive responses of hepatic mitochondria occur in experimentally induced sepsis. Little is known about both colonic mitochondrial function during abdominal infection and long-ter...

Authors: Anna Herminghaus, Henrike Papenbrock, Rebecca Eberhardt, Christian Vollmer, Richard Truse, Jan Schulz, Inge Bauer, Adelheid Weidinger, Andrey V. Kozlov, Johnny Stiban and Olaf Picker

Regulation of soluble CD127 protein release and corresponding transcripts expression in T lymphocytes from septic shock patients

Authors: Julie Mouillaux, Camille Allam, Thomas Rimmelé, Thomas Uberti, Benjamin Delwarde, Julien Textoris, Guillaume Monneret, Estelle Peronnet and Fabienne Venet

Elevated plasma glypicans are associated with organ failure in patients with infection

Increased vascular permeability is a key feature in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the development of organ failure. Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx is increasingly being recognized as an important p...

Authors: Jane Fisher, Adam Linder and Peter Bentzer

Microcirculation dysfunction in endotoxic shock rabbits is associated with impaired S-nitrosohemoglobin-mediated nitric oxide release from red blood cells: a preliminary study

Microcirculation dysfunction with blood flow heterogeneity is an important characteristic in sepsis shock. We hypothesized that impaired ability of red blood cells to release nitric oxide resulted in microcirc...

Authors: Bo Yao, Da-Wei Liu, Wen-Zhao Chai, Xiao-Ting Wang and Hong-Min Zhang

Correction to: Amino acid loss during CVVH in critically ill patients

After publication of this supplement [1], it was brought to our attention that abstract A333 contains a serious error.

Authors: S. N. Stapel, R. de Boer and H. M. Oudemans

Fluid sparing and norepinephrine use in a rat model of resuscitated haemorrhagic shock: end-organ impact

Haemostasis and correction of hypovolemia are the pillars of early haemorrhage shock (HS) management. Vasopressors, which are not recommended as first-line therapy, are an alternative to aggressive fluid resus...

Authors: Sophie Dunberry-Poissant, Kim Gilbert, Caroline Bouchard, Frédérique Baril, Anne-Marie Cardinal, Sydnée L’Ecuyer, Mathieu Hylands, François Lamontagne, Guy Rousseau and Emmanuel Charbonney

The effects of normovolemic anemia and blood transfusion on cerebral microcirculation after severe head injury

Cerebral regional microcirculation is altered following severe head injury. In addition to tissue disruption, partial pressure of tissue oxygenation is impaired due to an increase in the oxygen tissue gradient...

Authors: Judith Bellapart, Kylie Cuthbertson, Kimble Dunster, Sara Diab, David G. Platts, Christopher Raffel, Levon Gabrielian, Adrian Barnett, Jennifer Paratz, Rob Boots and John F. Fraser

A novel selective cooling system for the brain: feasibility study in rabbits vs piglets

Selective brain cooling (SBC) methods could alleviate the complications associated with systemic hypothermia. The authors (MFB, LK, and T-YL) have developed a simple and an effective nasopharyngeal SBC method ...

Authors: Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi, Lynn Keenliside and Ting-Yim Lee

Intravenous hydrogen sulfide does not induce neuroprotection after aortic balloon occlusion-induced spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a human-like porcine model of ubiquitous arteriosclerosis

In rodents, intravenous sulfide protected against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury during aortic balloon occlusion. We investigated the effect of intravenous sulfide on aortic occlusion-induced po...

Authors: Andre Bredthauer, Karla Lehle, Angelika Scheuerle, Hubert Schelzig, Oscar McCook, Peter Radermacher, Csaba Szabo, Martin Wepler and Florian Simon

Cystathionine-γ-lyase expression is associated with mitochondrial respiration during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in swine with atherosclerosis

Sepsis is associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction, e.g., acute kidney injury (AKI). Cystathionine-γ-lyas...

Authors: Tamara Merz, Martin Wepler, Benedikt Nußbaum, Josef Vogt, Enrico Calzia, Rui Wang, Csaba Szabo, Peter Radermacher and Oscar McCook

Appraisal of systemic inflammation and diagnostic markers in a porcine model of VAP: secondary analysis from a study on novel preventive strategies

We previously evaluated the efficacy of a ventilatory strategy to achieve expiratory flow bias and positive end-expiratory pressure (EFB + PEEP) or the Trendelenburg position (TP) for the prevention of ventila...

Authors: Gianluigi Li Bassi, Raquel Guillamat Prats, Antonio Artigas, Eli Aguilera Xiol, Joan-Daniel Marti, Otavio T. Ranzani, Montserrat Rigol, Laia Fernandez, Andrea Meli, Denise Battaglini, Nestor Luque, Miguel Ferrer, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Pedro Póvoa, Davide Chiumello, Paolo Pelosi…

Interaction of the hydrogen sulfide system with the oxytocin system in the injured mouse heart

Both the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase (H₂S/CSE) and oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems have been reported to be cardioprotective. H₂S can stimulate OT release, thereby affecting blood volume an...

Authors: Tamara Merz, Britta Lukaschewski, Daniela Wigger, Aileen Rupprecht, Martin Wepler, Michael Gröger, Clair Hartmann, Matthew Whiteman, Csaba Szabo, Rui Wang, Christiane Waller, Peter Radermacher and Oscar McCook

ESICM LIVES 2018

Authors:

A novel approach to assess cerebral and coronary perfusion after cardiac arrest

Several indices exist to assess cerebral perfusion after cardiac arrest (CA). We aimed to investigate a new approach allowing absolute flow and microvascular resistance measurement based on selective arterial ...

Authors: Julien Adjedj, Fabien Picard, Maarten Vanhaverbeke, Bernard De Bruyne, Alain Cariou, Ming Wu, Stefan Janssens and Olivier Varenne

Analysis of particulate exposure during continuous drug infusion in critically ill adult patients: a preliminary proof-of-concept in vitro study

In critically ill patients, drug incompatibilities frequently occur because of the number of drugs to be administered through a limited number of infusion lines. These are among the main causes of particulate ...

Authors: Malik Benlabed, Anthony Martin Mena, Romain Gaudy, Maxime Perez, Stéphanie Genay, Jean-Daniel Hecq, Pascal Odou, Gilles Lebuffe and Bertrand Décaudin

Sepsis 2018

Authors:

Tight junction structure, function, and assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review

Epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, essential for homeostasis, is maintained by cellular boarder structures known as tight junctions (TJs). In critical illness, TJs may become disrupted, resulting in...

Authors: David Vermette, Pamela Hu, Michael F Canarie, Melissa Funaro, Janis Glover and Richard W Pierce

Validation of new marker of fluid responsiveness based on Doppler assessment of blood flow velocity in superior vena cava in mechanically ventilated pigs

We studied a novel approach for the evaluation and management of volemia: minimally invasive monitoring of respiratory blood flow variations in the superior vena cava (SVC). We performed an experiment with 10 ...

Authors: Tomas Kovarnik, Miroslav Navratil, Jan Belohlavek, Mikulas Mlcek, Martin Chval, Zhi Chen, Stepan Jerabek, Otomar Kittnar and Ales Linhart

Succinate and the shortcut to the cure of metformin-induced lactic acidosis

Inhibition of the respiratory chain complex I plays a key role in the pathogenesis of metformin-induced lactic acidosis. In a work recently published in this journal, a novel cell-permeable succinate prodrug (...

Authors: Alessandro Protti

Bench Validation of a Compact Low-Flow CO₂ Removal Device

There is increasing evidence demonstrating the value of partial extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R) for the treatment of hypercapnia in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a...

Authors: Alexandra G. May, R. Garrett Jeffries, Brian J. Frankowski, Greg W. Burgreen and William J. Federspiel

Heparin-binding protein in ventilator-induced lung injury

Although mechanical ventilation is often lifesaving, it can also cause injury to the lungs. The lung injury is caused by not only high pressure and mechanical forces but also by inflammatory processes that are...

Authors: Jonas Tydén, N. Larsson, S. Lehtipalo, H. Herwald, M. Hultin, J. Walldén, A. F. Behndig and J. Johansson

Time course of liver mitochondrial function and intrinsic changes in oxidative phosphorylation in a rat model of sepsis

Tissue ATP depletion and oxidative stress have been associated with the severe outcomes of septic shock. One of the compensatory mechanisms to alleviate the sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction could be th...

Authors: Pierre Eyenga, Damien Roussel, Jerome Morel, Benjamin Rey, Caroline Romestaing, Virginie Gueguen-Chaignon, Shey-Shing Sheu and Jean Paul Viale

Advanced modes of mechanical ventilation and optimal targeting schemes

Recent research results provide new incentives to recognize and prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and create targeting schemes for new modes of mechanical ventilation. For example, minimization of ...

Authors: Matthias van der Staay and Robert L. Chatburn